![]() When re-entry is successful, the orbiter encounters the main air of the atmosphere and is able to fly like an airplane. The hot ionized gases of the atmosphere that surround the orbiter prevent radio communication with the ground for about 12 minutes (i.e., ionization blackout). During re-entry, the aft steering jets help to keep the orbiter at its 40 degree attitude. In other words, they have a high heat capacity. These materials are designed to absorb large quantities of heat without increasing their temperature very much. Low-temperature white surface tiles on the remaining areas.White Nomex blankets on the upper payload bay doors, portions of the upper wing and mid/aft fuselage.High-temperature black surface insulation tiles on the upper forward fuselage and around the windows.Reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) on the wing surfaces and underside.Atlantis is on display at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, in Florida.Endeavour is at the California Science Center in Los Angeles, California.Enterprise is now at the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, in New York City.The remaining shuttles are now on display at the following museums: NASA is developing the Orion capsule for beyond Earth orbit missions. Both SpaceX with the Crew Dragon and Boeing with their Starliner capsule, are planning to provide crewed missions to the ISS. ![]() They were more expensive to use than other launch vehicles.Ĭurrently, the United States has no manned spacecraft capabilities. In 2010, NASA shut down the Space Shuttle program. It again caused a long delay until the next shuttle flight. The accident was caused by damage to the heat-shield which protects it from the heat of reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. On February 1, 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke up while returning STS-107 to Earth over Texas. Shuttle missions returned 5 times to repair and improve cameras and scientific instruments on the telescope. This was its main job of the shuttle since then.Īlso in the 1990s, the Space Shuttle launched the Hubble telescope into space. In the 1990s the Shuttle began working on the International Space Station (ISS). It caused a year long stall in space flight. On Januthe Space Shuttle Challenger destroyed 73 seconds into the flight of STS-51-L. The first shuttle flight in space was on April 12, 1981. This flight used Space Shuttle Enterprise. The first flight was a test of the landing and maneuvering abilities of the shuttle. The Buran was destroyed in a hangar collapse in 2002. It flew one unmanned flight before being retired. There was a Russian Shuttle called Buran. Canadarm: Robotic arm used for any missions.Ī '†' next to a name means that the Shuttle was destroyed.Multi-Purpose Logistics Module: Cargo container used for supplying the cargos to International Space Station.Extended Duration Orbiter: Cryogenic kit used for extending the duration of the missions. ![]()
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